JUDAH, SON OF ẒIPPORAI

JUDAH, SON OF ẒIPPORAI (first century), patriot. According to Josephus, Judah was a sophist of highest reputation among the Jews, an unrivalled interpreter of their ancestral laws, and educator of the youth. Taking advantage of Herod's illness (4 B.C.E.) he, together with his friend and fellow scholar Mattathias son of Margalot, persuaded their disciples to pull down the golden eagle, the symbol of Rome, which Herod had erected over the great gate of the Temple, since it was contrary to Jewish law. The two scholars, together with their disciples, were burnt alive on the command of Herod shortly before his death. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Jos., Ant., 17:149–167; Jos., Wars, 1:648–55; Schuerer, Hist, 157; Klausner, Bayit Sheni, 4 (19502), 164f.; C. Roth, in: HTR, 49 (1956), 169ff. (Edna Elazary) JUDAH ARYEH LEIB BEN DAVID JUDAH ARYEH LEIB BEN DAVID (d. 1709), rabbi and author, also called Leib Kalish. He was a grandson of joel sirkes and Abraham Ḥayyim Schor, the author of Torat Ḥayyim (Lublin, 1624). He served as rabbi and rosh yeshivah in the communities of Kremsier (Moravia) and Lobsens (Posen) for 22 years, and Kalisz. In 1708 he accepted an invitation to become the rabbi of the Ashkenazi community of Amsterdam, but he died a year and a half later. He was succeeded in the rabbinate of Amsterdam by Ẓevi Hirsch b. Jacob Ashkenazi (the Ḥakham Ẓevi). Judah Aryeh Leib was the author of Gur Aryeh (Amsterdam, 1733), homilies on the Pentateuch, to which was appended the Bedek ha-Bayit, composed by his grandfather Abraham Ḥayyim Schor. Many of Judah Aryeh Leib's aggadic novellae are mentioned in the introduction to Shama Shelomo (Amsterdam, 1710) by solomon algazi . His responsa have remained in manuscript. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Michael, Or, no. 991; Ḥ.N. Dembitzer, Kelilat Yofi, 1 (1888), 97b–99a; 2 (1893), 143a; A. Heppner and J. Herzberg, Aus Vergangenheit und Gegenwart der Juden… in den Posener Landen (1909), 617; I.D. Beth-Halevy, Toledot Yehudei Kalisch (1961), 152, 220, 230. (Yehoshua Horowitz)